Diborane, also known as boron hydride, has the chemical formula B2H6. It is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with a pungent odor that is highly reactive and unstable at room temperature and pressure. Diborane is widely used in the semiconductor industry, in organic synthesis, and as a reducing agent. Here are some key characteristics of diborane:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless gas.
Boiling Point: Approximately -90 °C.
Melting Point: Approximately -165 °C.
Density: Less than air, approximately 1.33 g/L at standard temperature and pressure.
Solubility: Soluble in organic solvents like ether and benzene.
Chemical Properties:
Reactivity: Diborane is highly reactive, especially with air, where it spontaneously ignites and decomposes into boron and hydrogen.
Reduction: It is a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry, capable of reducing alkenes, alkynes, and other functional groups.
Uses:
Semiconductor Industry: Diborane is used as a dopant for P-type doping in the production of semiconductors.
Organic Synthesis: It is used as a reducing agent in various organic reactions.
Rocket Propellants: It was once used as a rocket fuel component due to its high energy content.
Safety Concerns:
Toxicity: Diborane is toxic by inhalation, causing respiratory tract irritation and potential systemic effects.
Flammability: It is highly flammable and can explode in air.
Corrosivity: It can react with moisture to produce boric acid, which is corrosive.
As for suppliers of diborane, several companies offer this compound, typically in the form of a gas mixture for industrial and laboratory use.
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