CAS Number 74-86-2 corresponds to Ethyne, commonly known as Acetylene, a colorless, flammable gas widely utilized in various industrial processes. Here are some key characteristics of acetylene:
Chemical Formula: C2H2
Physical State: At standard temperature and pressure (STP), acetylene is a gas. It is usually stored dissolved in a solvent like acetone inside high-pressure cylinders or generated on-site for immediate use.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 26.04 g/mol.
Boiling Point: -83.8°C (-120.84°F) at 1 atmosphere.
Melting Point: -81.8°C (-115.24°F).
Density: Around 1.17 kg/m³ at STP, making it slightly lighter than air.
Vapor Pressure: Extremely high, necessitating special storage considerations.
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like acetone and ethanol.
Flammability and Reactivity: Acetylene is highly flammable and explosive when mixed with air in certain proportions (between about 2.5% and 82%). It reacts vigorously with copper, silver, mercury, and their alloys, forming explosive compounds; thus, acetylene handling equipment must be free of these materials.
Uses of Acetylene:
Welding and Cutting: Acetylene is the fuel gas of choice in oxy-acetylene torches due to its high heat output, making it suitable for metal cutting, welding, and brazing.
Chemical Synthesis: Used as a raw material in the production of various chemicals, including vinyl acetate, acetic acid, and chloroprene.
Lighting: Historically, it was used in carbide lamps for illumination.
Heat Treatment: Provides high-temperature heat for annealing, hardening, and other heat-treating processes.
Safety Considerations:
Extreme Fire and Explosion Hazard: Requires strict adherence to handling and storage protocols to prevent ignition.
Toxicity: While acetylene itself is not highly toxic, its combustion products can be hazardous, especially in poorly ventilated areas.
Copper-Free Equipment: All equipment used with acetylene must be made from materials that do not react with it, such as stainless steel or brass that is free of more than trace amounts of copper.
When seeking a supplier of acetylene, look for reputable gas suppliers or specialty gas distributors who are well-versed in the safe handling, storage, and transportation of this highly reactive gas. They should provide cylinders filled with dissolved acetylene or offer on-site acetylene generation systems, ensuring compliance with all safety regulations and industry best practices.
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