Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a compound with the CAS number 7647-01-0. It is a diatomic molecule consisting of hydrogen and chlorine atoms. Hydrogen chloride is a colorless gas at standard temperature and pressure, but when humid air is present, it appears as a white fog due to the formation of hydrogen chloride gas and water droplets.
Key Characteristics of Hydrogen Chloride:
Physical Properties:
Boiling Point: -85.05°C (-121.09°F)
Melting Point: -114.8°C (-174.6°F)
Density: As a gas at STP, approximately 1.639 g/L
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble in water; dissolves to form hydrochloric acid (aqueous HCl).
Chemical Properties:
Acidity: Hydrogen chloride is a strong acid when dissolved in water, completely dissociating into hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions.
Reactiveness: It reacts with metals, producing metal chlorides and hydrogen gas.
Corrosiveness: Due to its high acidity, it is highly corrosive to many materials.
Uses:
Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in the production of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Chemical Manufacturing: A reagent in the production of vinyl chloride, dichloroethane, and other chlorinated organic compounds.
Food Processing: Used in the processing of foodstuffs as a pH regulator.
Laboratory Reagents: Commonly used in analytical chemistry and laboratory testing.
Safety Considerations:
Toxicity: Inhalation can cause severe lung damage and irritation of the respiratory tract.
Corrosivity: Can cause burns upon contact with skin or eyes.
Flammability: While not flammable itself, it can react violently with combustible materials.
Suppliers:
Hydrogen chloride is supplied by various chemical companies worldwide.
When purchasing and handling hydrogen chloride, it is important to adhere to safety guidelines and regulations. Ensure proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn, and handle the gas in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood to minimize exposure risks. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific safety information and emergency response procedures.
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