Oxygen, with the chemical formula O₂ and the CAS number 7782-44-7, is a critical element for life on Earth and has several unique properties and uses. Here are some key characteristics of oxygen:
Chemical and Physical Properties:
State at Room Temperature: Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas at standard conditions.
Boiling Point: -183°C (-297.4°F) at 1 atm.
Melting Point: -218.79°C (-361.82°F) at 1 atm.
Density: About 1.429 g/L at 0°C (32°F) and 1 atm.
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, with 1 volume of water dissolving approximately 30 volumes of oxygen at 0°C (32°F) and 1 atm.
Reactivity:
Supports Combustion: Oxygen is highly reactive and supports combustion, making it essential for fire and energy production.
Reacts with Metals: Oxygen can react with most metals to form oxides.
Biological Role: Essential for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms, where it acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Uses:
Medical Applications: Oxygen is used in hospitals and clinics for patients requiring supplemental oxygen.
Industrial Processes: Used in steel manufacturing, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis.
Aerospace: Oxygen is a component of rocket fuels and is used in life support systems for astronauts.
Diving and Exploration: Essential for underwater breathing apparatuses.
Research: Used in scientific research and experiments across various disciplines.
When dealing with oxygen, it is important to follow all safety guidelines and regulations because it can increase the risk of fire and explosion. Oxygen should be stored in approved containers away from combustible materials and sources of ignition.